Chinese wine market: Through the valley of recession

Chinese wine market: Through the valley of recession

Photo and Text : Maxime LU

In recent years, policy to clampdown gifting and ostentatious display of wealth among officials, along with decelerated growth of Chinese economy has sent Chinese wine market into trough period. In a different perspective however, it also signals opportunities for return of a much healthy,amorepersonal- consumption oriented wine market. Such transition has promoted domestic wine industry to be explored and try new market model. Foreign wine makers and wine regionassociations have found out the capital that they invested in brand promotion didn’t bring satisfactory result in recent years. Adjusting strategies and adopting more effective measures, effectively increasing brand awareness are many wine industry business objectives, here are a few points that need special attention:

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1.Make sure your brand image isheard as widely as possible.

Paying attention to the propagation accuracy and diversity is one of the keys. Organizers invest time, manpower and material resources to host a perfect dinner or tasting event, but often reluctant to invest more resources and efforts on the propagation. Without enough exposure to propagate the brand image expressed by these events adequately, nor do enough distribution channels to let target audiences to understand your promotion campaign, it is undoubtedly getting half the result for the same effort. Increasing your brand activities exposures as much as possible is the most important part, it doesn’t necessarily means you have to invest a large sum of budget. By choosing a flexible promotion model and correct channels which can achieve high rate of dissemination, your promotion activity can achieve effects of multiple promotion campaigns.

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2.Select the effective brandcommunication channels.

Choosing traditional media with precise target audience such as paper magazines and books, or faster spreading and higher flexibility media such as websites, APP,public WeChat channel, but also from included self-published media like blog,Weibo and Circle of Friends of WeChat Channel. As the whole society has entered the age of Multi-media, business must have a clear  understanding and enough analysis on: their main target audience, considerations of timeliness, channel efficiency and coverage, as well as the cost of each delivery channel. As for the traditional paper media whose influences have been weakened gradually, one must take into account the reality of its circulation and delivery site, compared to this, wine books have even narrower distribution.

Now let us move to self-publishing media.In order to attract more original contents, a lot of major platforms have endowed wider distribution of its content via multidevice/ OS friendly platform, such as PCfriendly, mobile browser friendly and app. In this era where a friend gathering evolved into a much-maligned scene where everyone bows to play their mobiles, the visitor volume of a rising self-publishing media on PC and mobile browser views may not be high, but the visitors volume on its related channel on their mobile apps platform is usually rather impressive while being more accurate at the same time. These distribution channels have a better dissemination of results, on the other hand, the price-efficiency of releasing news with self-publishing media at this stage is not bad at all.

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3.Comprehensive considerationand choosing flexible way to promote.

Trainings, lectures, wine exhibitions are common ways to promote but mainly limited to the wine industry professionals only. In addition, one can leverage with using the Chamber of Commerce or association to represent the overall image of a wine producing region, selecting high traffic supermarkets, shopping malls, organic markets to carry out wine culture themed festivals, or even promote experient ial market ing in the now personal-consumption dominated market. For example, most of the Chilean wine are suitable for everyday drinking, they are easy to resonate with their fruit & sweet spices aroma as the leading aroma, easy to drink, soft tannins, easy to access and higher acceptance to primary consumers, are particularly suitable for this type of experiential marketing, coupled with the Chilean wine price advantage, it can directly and efficiently attract to customers.

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2015 will be the year of recovery for the wine market, although not necessarily a substantial growth, but judging the data from the past few months and feedbacks from vintners of different scale, we are optimistic about this year’s rebound. In the past two years, Chinese wine industry has invested heavily to popularize and promote the wine culture and it has achieved initial success, more and more consumers who have been purchasing power of wine began to understand the basic wine knowledge. Some consumers who are interested in wine have even equipped themselves with advanced wine knowledge, and gradually developed themselves as opinion leaders in their own social circles.

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Demand of China’s  personal-consumption market also grows vigorously in market cultivation and wine culture education&promotion. At the present, it is a critical time for wine-producing countries, like Chile, to further open up a new prospect in the Chinese market. Stable quality, suitable taste for the market, the tariff gimmick, these should be anenduring promotion campaign instead of several intensive period of promotion activities. You do not have to burn money to carry out a largescale activities, as long as you rely on the industry associations or chambers of commerce that can easily win public trust, you can just cyclically carry out some small but propagation-effect oriented activities. This doesn’t need a lot of money but precise positioning, appropriate and flexible pattern, and strategies that suits the status quo for the Chinese market. Currently the major producing countries are actively promoting to seize market share in China, if not being aggressive at the moment, one will eventually fall behind and cede out the market one has won.

A Brief Description of Development of Modern Chile Wine Regions

A Brief Description of  Development of Modern Chile Wine Regions

Text & Photo by Maxime LU

After diminishing for 10 years, China’s tariff on Chilean wines has finally been reduce to zero, Chilean wine thus once again become the focus of importers. It also has a special significance: in particular since CCP’s policy to clampdown in gifting to officials and ostentatious display of wealth in 2012; the global economic downturn; the repeatedly tightened country’s economic policy; transformation of the wine market and consumer consumption concept matures. All of these factors have shifted the market from its corporate and official consumption market, to a personal consumption-based market. With its high price-performance and diversity, Chilean wines naturally became more and more the choice of consumers.

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Apalta region/photo by Maxime LU

Chilean wine price-performance is usually the most mentioned advantages, which I will not repeat here, let’s focus on a keypoint of its diversity this time: the timeline of discovery of its wine regions, and its latest development in the “Wild Times” of last four decades. In the last century, due to political and other factors, the development of the Chilean wine industry was slow before 70s, the development of the modern wine industry was basically began in the late 70s, so the last four decades has been a period that represented the development and changes of modern Chilean appellations.

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Let’s briefly introduce Chile and its wine regions here. Chile is a Panhandle land, to the west is the Pacific Ocean, with more than 4000 kilometers of coastline, stretching to the east is the towering Andes, to the south is the Antarctica ice sheet, to the north is the Atacama Desert, Chile is just over 100 km in width averagely and an earthquake-prone zone, which further contributes to its extremely complex and diverse land features, topography, soil types and micro-climate.

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In 1979, the famous Spanish winemaker Miguel Torres (Miguel Torres) arrived Chile and started making wine in Curico valley. His arrival has since opened a new chapter in the Chilean wine industry, which is often considered to be the beginning of modern wine industry. He was the first who introduced the advanced temperature-control stainless steel fermentation tank, French oak barrels, and clones of few varietals, all of these have revolutionized development of both viticulture and wine-making technology of Chile.

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1980s – Started exploring the coastal area and began to develop vineyards at the Andes foothills areas. In 1982, Pablo Morandé opened vineyard in the cold and windy Casablanca Valley after visiting Los Carneros Region, California. (Los Carneros located at the junction of Napa and Sonoma ).

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Then in the 1990s, Chilean gradually developed a new batch of excellent wine regions throughout the country:
1993 – Limari Valley
1993 – Bio Bio Valley
1995 – Malleco Valley
1997 – Elqui Valley
1998 – San Antonio Valley

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In 2007 Fundo Lechagua Winery started up a vineyard at Chiloe Island, more than 1100km south of Santiago. Vina Momberg located near the Lake Districct town of Osorno, started producing Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc.

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In 2012, to facilitate management, Chilean Agriculture and Livestock Service (SAG) has declared three official wine producing zone: the coastal area (Costa), the Andes area (Andes) and the between mountain ranges area (Entre Cordilleras), covering areas throughout Chile.

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In 2013, Marcelo Papa, winemaker of Chile’s largest wine group Concha y Toro, mentioned during his interview with Decanter that Chile is constantly in search of suitable terroir to develop vineyard in the new viticultural area, making it one of the world’s most active wine producing countries.

Throughout the last few decades, although Chile has opened up quite a lot wine-producing areas and developed a number of regions with unique terroir, from its north to Copiapo Valley and Huasco Valley of Atacama Region, from it south to the Cautin Valley and Osorno Valley, but Chile still has great potential to be tapped. There are certainly a huge development space of the Chilean wine industry.

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wine map of chile

An Overview on New Zealand Winemaking Industry and the Chinese Wine Market

Photo & Text :Maxime LU

Source: ProWine China

In February, I was invited to visit most major wine regions in New Zealand. During the visit, I visited some chateaus with different styles and attended Regional Wines Tastings, which presented a complete picture of the southern-most wine producing country in the world. New Zealand wines feature consistent quality and reasonable price. They are lively, pure and full-bodied. They have clean aromas and distinctive characters. In particular, they boast of rich diversity, which is openly criticized by a lot of Chinese wine enthusiasts.

New Zealand stretches roughly 1,600 km from the North Island (36° S) to Central Otago (47° S), the world’s southern-most wine region. The country has a maritime climate, with all vineyards lying less than 130 km to the coast. Plenty of sunshine in the daytime and cool sea breeze at night result in big temperature difference in many wine regions, offering ideal production conditions for the growth of wine grapes. Being a coastal country, New Zealand rarely has extreme weather conditions. In addition, due to frequent crustal activities (numerous earthquakes and volcanoes), the change of river channels and human factors, New Zealand has complicated ground features and landforms, diverse soil constitutions as well as extremely different microclimates in different parcels. All these terroirs guarantee the diversity of local wines.

Another aspect worth noting is that grape planting in New Zealand originated in 1819, while the country’s winemaking industry hadn’t taken off until forty years ago, not being fettered by traditions. Rapid promotion of new technologies and constant innovation have been witnesses ever since. Meanwhile, local terroirs have been explored. Thanks to these efforts, the grape planting and winemaking techniques of the country’s winemaking industry have reached the world’s top level. The research on the microclimates and parcels in grape planting regions has reached a high level. As a result, the features of different parcels can be fully utilized. For instance, Pinot Noir grown in Wairarapa, Nelson, Marlborough, Canterbury/Waipara Valley and Central Otago all have unique regional characteristics.

In terms of area, Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir are New Zealand’s leading varieties. In addition, there are quite a few aromatic varieties, such as Syrah, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. Many winemaking practitioners are from other countries, where different grape varieties are planted. They are seeking for ideal vineyards to plant new varieties, such as Sangiovese, Malbec, Tempranilo, Albarino and Gruner Veltliner. New grape varieties with outstanding characteristics are planted. The diversification of grape varieties will be a trend of the country’s winemaking industry.

According to data of 2014, the overall plantings in New Zealand is 35,510 ha (1% higher than 2013), less than one-third of that of Bordeaux. The country produced 320 million liters of wine in that year, accounting for only 1% of the world’s total. New Zealand’s winemaking industry is small in scale. However, the unit price of wine ranks high among all wine producing countries. Therefore, the country pursues the strategy of offering wine with top quality. In New Zealand, 95% of chateaus are members of Sustainable Wine Growing New Zealand (SWNZ), and some of them even meet the standards of carbon neutrality.

New Zealand’s forward-looking winemaking industry strives to promote government legislation in a bid to enhance IPR protection and crack down on counterfeiting and infringement on local varietals. In April 2015, New Zealand Ministry of Economic Development and New Zealand Winegrowers jointly declared to establish the Geographical Indications (GI) system to protect the country’s internationally famed winemaking regions and varietals. It’s expected that the system will be established by the end of this year.

New Zealand winemaking industry entered the Chinese market in 2007. At that time, French wines dominated China’s imported wine market. In 2008, China and New Zealand signed the Free Trade Agreement, a turning point for the promotion of New Zealand wines in China. Soon, China rose to New Zealand’s biggest trading partner. According to the FTA between the two countries, zero tariffs will be imposed on New Zealand wines exported to China as from January 1, 2012, further cementing the confidence of New Zealand winemaking industry.

In market expansion, New Zealand winemaking industry is also pragmatic and ambitious. The growth rate of export value of wines is the highest of the country’s exported goods. In the end of 2014, wine ranked No.6 in the country’s exports.

With a small winemaking industry, New Zealand pursues the path of providing the finest varietal wines. Based on research and analysis on the Chinese wine market with huge potential, the country has worked out pragmatic and forward-looking promotional plans. Several years ago, New Zealand Trade and Enterprise and New Zealand Winegrowers jointly introduced the highly efficient Wine High Impact Programme. Under the programme, influential wine experts from New Zealand participated in various campaigns in the Chinese wine market to build the country’s image as a leading winemaker.

Selected measures in recent years:
– Launching a dedicated Chinese website to promote New Zealand wines;
– Organizing New Zealand wine trade fairs regularly, with workshops, symposiums and food & wine matching dinners;
– Organizing delegations to participate in the most influential local wine trade fairs, such as Prowine China;
– Organizing key opinion leaders (KOL) and experts in China’s winemaking industry for study tours in New Zealand’s winemaking regions, and establishing KIWI CLUB for networking to enable more consumers to gain a knowledge of New Zealand wines;
– Carrying out traditional and social media-based marketing campaigns, for instance, interacting with consumers and publishing information via Weibo (microblog) and WeChat;
– Offering educational programs for New Zealand winemaking practitioners, for instance, holding workshops in the country to help local wineries to gain a better understanding of the Chinese market, so as to work out effective development strategies and expansion plans.

Meanwhile, New Zealand winemaking industry often launches training programs on local wines. For instance, in April, top wine masters from the country offered New Zealand wine certification programs for professionals. In addition to tier-1 cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, training and certification systems are expected to cover tier-2 and tier 3 cities leading wine consumption.

Thanks to consistent efforts of New Zealand winemaking industry, the country’s wine exports to China rose from 268,000 liters (RMB 12.5 million in value) in 2007 to 1,920,000 liters (RMB 131 million in value) in 2014. In 2014, China became New Zealand’s sixth biggest destinations of wine exports, ranking after Australia, the U.S., the UK, Canada and the Netherlands.

Since the second half of 2012, the Chinese wine market has witnessed continued depression due to policy changes. In particular, the year 2014 is regarded as the most sluggish period. China’s total wine imports decreased by 5.7% compared with that of 2013. Nevertheless, wines imported from New Zealand rose by 34% in value and 11% in quantity during the same period. New Zealand wines have further expanded the share in China’s imported wine market. New Zealand winemaking industry has seen more potential in the Chinese market.

New Zealand winemaking industry has much confidence and expectations on the Chinese market. New Zealand Trade and Enterprise and New Zealand Winegrowers have jointly defined the goal towards the Chinese market in the next 5 years: The country’s wine exports to China will reach NZ$150 million by 2020. We are keen to see whether the goal will be realized.

– LU Jiang ( Maxime LU )

新西兰葡萄酒与中国市场概述

图文:陆江(Maxime LU)

本文已发布于ProWine China网站专栏,转载请标明出处。

  今年二月,我应邀走访了新西兰大部分葡萄酒主力产区,探访了各地的一些不同风格的名庄,还分别在不同产区集中品鉴了当地众多酒庄的产品(Regional Wines Tasting),让我对这个世界上最南端的产区国的实力有了更全面的认知。新西兰葡萄酒稳定的品质,合理的价格,干净的果味,活跃纯净浓郁,个性鲜明,尤其是在备受不少国内葡萄酒爱好者诟病的多样性方面,其实也都表现不弱。

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新西兰从北岛 (南纬36°)一直延伸1600公里到世界上最南的葡萄酒产区中奥塔哥(南纬47°)。海洋性气候是主导,所有的葡萄园与海岸的距离不会超过130公里。白天的充分日照,夜间的凉爽海风造就了不少产区较大的温差,使酿酒葡萄成熟有了上佳的生长条件,受海洋影响,也没有特别极致的天气状况。另外,新西兰属于地壳活动频繁地带(地震火山很多),再加上河道的变迁以及人类的影响,导致有着复杂的地物地貌结构,和丰富多样的土壤构成,再配合各地块极为不同的微气候。这为新西兰葡萄酒的多样性提供了风土条件(Terroirs)的保证。

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还有重要一点,新西兰葡萄种植起于1819年,但葡萄酒行业真正大力发展其实也是最近三四十年,没有传统束缚,新技术快速普及,创新不断,随着对当地风土条件的探索和磨合,新西兰葡萄酒行业的种植酿酒技术达到国际一线水准,对种植区的微气候和细分地块的研究也达到较高水准,使不同地块的特点能很好发挥出来。例如黑皮诺在怀拉拉帕(Wairarapa)、尼尔森(Nelson)、马尔堡(Marlborough)、坎特伯雷(Canterbury)/怀帕拉谷(Waipara Valley)、中奥塔哥(Central Otago)等产区都有各自区域特色。

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另外,虽然从种植面积来说现在新西兰主要代表品种是长相思和黑皮诺,此外还有不少夏朵内,芳香系品种,西拉,梅洛和赤霞珠调配等。由于不少葡萄酒从业者来自不同国家,这些国家的传统葡萄品种不同,有不少人除前面提到的常规品种外,在寻求种植,如Sangiovese,Malbec,Tempranilo,Albarino,Gruner Veltliner等更多品种,找寻最合适他们的葡萄园,随着新品种的表现卓越,葡萄品种的多样性也将会是新西兰葡萄酒发展的一个趋势。

2014年的数据,新西兰葡萄种植总面积35,510 公顷(比2013年上升1%),不到波尔多种植面积的三分之一,产量3.2亿升,仅占全球的百分之一。葡萄酒产业规模小,不过平均单价位于各产区国前茅,主要走优质精品酒路线。新西兰95%的葡萄酒庄是新西兰葡萄酒可持续发展计划(SWNZ)的参与成员,部分已经达到了碳中性标准水平。

新西兰葡萄酒行业比较前瞻性地推动政府立法保护行业的相关知识产权,以便对可能针对新西兰葡萄酒相关的假冒侵权行为实施打击。今年4月,新西兰经济发展部和新西兰葡萄酒种植协会联合宣布,建立地理标示(GI)制度,保护新西兰国际知名的葡萄酒产区和产品,预计到今年年底能完成相关进程。

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从2007年开始,新西兰正式涉足中国市场推广。当时中国进口葡萄酒市场完全是法国葡萄酒绝对主导。不过新西兰葡萄酒在中国的发展关键点,是2008年中新两国签署了自由贸易协定,中国很快成为新西兰最大的贸易伙伴。在2008年签订的中国-新西兰自由贸易协定(FTA)中,确定从2012年1月1日起,对新西兰葡萄酒实施零关税。这一举措大力推动新西兰葡萄酒行业的信心。

在市场开拓方面新西兰葡萄酒行业也务实进取,使葡萄酒成为新西兰出口产品中增长最快的产品。2014年底,葡萄酒已成为新西兰第六大出口产品。

针对像中国这样具有巨大潜力的葡萄酒市场,新西兰作为葡萄酒产业规模小,走精品化道路的产区国,经过对中国市场研究和自身资源的分析,选择了相当务实,且又具有远见的推广计划。新西兰几年前推出了事半功倍的葡萄酒高度影响力计划,该计划由新西兰贸易发展局和新西兰葡萄种植与葡萄酒酿造协会联合推出。通过具有影响力的本地葡萄酒专业人士的参与,在中国葡萄酒市场,为新西兰打造高质量葡萄酒产区国的形象。

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近几年的主要实施举措:

– 推出新西兰葡萄酒中文网站;

– 周期举办新西兰葡萄酒展,同期举办专题研讨会、餐酒搭配主题晚宴;

– 组团参加本区域内最有影响力的酒展,如Prowine China等;

– 安排中国葡萄酒行业的意见领袖(KOL)和专家去新西兰葡萄酒产区走访考察,并成立KIWI CLUB维系好这些人脉资源。通过他们让更多消费者了解新西兰葡萄酒。

– 开展传统和社交媒体市场推广活动,如在微博和微信上开通互动和信息发布账号;

– 提供针对新西兰葡萄酒从业者的教育项目,包括通过在新西兰本地举办研讨会让新西兰葡萄酒公司更好地了解中国市场,从而制定出有效的发展战略和开拓计划。

新西兰葡萄酒还推出新西兰葡萄酒培训课程,像4月份刚完成的,由新西兰顶级葡萄酒大师讲授的,针对葡萄酒专业人士的新西兰葡萄酒认证课程。并且除了北上广等一线城市外,还会在不久的未来打造完整的培训认证体系,从而覆盖更广的二三线重要葡萄酒消费城市。

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经过数年的努力,新西兰葡萄酒出口到中国的数量有明显涨幅,从2007年的二十六万八千升增长到2014年的一百九十二万升。按货值计算,出口额从2007年的人民币一千二百五十万跃增至2014年的人民币一亿三千一百万。2014年,中国成为新西兰在海外的第六大葡萄酒出口目的国,排在前面的有澳大利亚,美国,英国,加拿大和荷兰。

尽管中国市场从2012年下半年开始,因为政策变化,整个市场步入低迷。尤其去年2014年,被认为最低谷的时期,中国进口葡萄酒总量与2013年相比下滑了百分之五点七,但是从新西兰进口的葡萄酒在同期,以货值计算却上升了百分之三十四,以数量计算上升了百分之十一。这再度巩固了新西兰在中国进口葡萄酒市场的份额。也让新西兰葡萄酒行业更加看好中国市场的潜力。

对于中国市场,新西兰葡萄酒行业抱有很大的信心和期望值。新西兰贸易发展局和新西兰葡萄种植与葡萄酒酿造协会制定了未来5年内在华的市场目标:2020年实现1亿5千万新西兰元的葡萄酒出口额。我们将拭目以待。

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欢迎微信搜索【葡萄酒在线】或【wineclos】,关注我们公众号,我们有国际国内热点的葡萄酒资讯和专家观点,还有有趣好玩的美食美酒旅游活动。

陆江(Maxime LU)

– 国际国内葡萄酒大赛专家评委,独立酒评人,美食美酒旅游类撰稿人,葡萄酒行业咨询顾问,资深葡萄酒和烈酒收藏顾问,万欧兰葡萄酒教育首席讲师

王智慧(Serien WANG)

– 资深葡萄酒编辑、撰稿人和专业译者,《葡萄酒在线-WINEONLINE.CN》葡萄酒专题总监,万欧兰葡萄酒教育葡萄酒讲师